PEMF & Waveforms
When trying to understand the properties of electromagnetic waves the final consideration is the geometry of the signal or waveform.
We have already discussed the other variables which are intensity, frequency and timing (or phase). The geometry of the signal has a big impact on how effective the signal will be in creating a response in the body.
The waveform is a combination of sines and cosines put together in many ways via fourier analysis to create just about any geometry.
So ALL the PEMF devices are based in sine wave waveforms, though the carrier waves can vary like the images to the left. The question is, which waveform works best.
We have already discussed the other variables which are intensity, frequency and timing (or phase). The geometry of the signal has a big impact on how effective the signal will be in creating a response in the body.
The waveform is a combination of sines and cosines put together in many ways via fourier analysis to create just about any geometry.
So ALL the PEMF devices are based in sine wave waveforms, though the carrier waves can vary like the images to the left. The question is, which waveform works best.
Why a Sawtooth Pulse (Part 1)
The vibrating cell membrane responds preferentially to vibrations near its own natural frequency (the cell membrane is a Fourier Analyzer). The simplest form of vibration is the sine wave form, the traditional form of a periodically oscillating pendulum. Different geometric waveforms like the saw tooth pulse can be broken down into a multitude of individual sine vibrations by Fourier Analysis, a mathematical method.
A Saw tooth pulse is thus composed of various sine vibrations and has a BROAD FREQUENCY SPECTRUM. The fundamental vibration has the same frequency as the pulse train. The following harmonics are frequencies representing a multiple of the fundamental mode, but as a rule they also have a decreasing amplitude (height).
If a structure such as a cell membrane oscillating with a sine wave vibration ( = oscillating circuit) is stimulated with a saw tooth pulse, ie., many individual sine waves of different amplitudes, the cell membrane will respond preferentially to a harmonic close to its natural frequency.
The great advantage of the saw tooth pulse in comparison with the individual sine pulse for the resonant effect lies precisely in this increased supply of oscillations.
Also, because the saw tooth pattern is very spiked, it has been found to produce strong electro-motive forces in the cells and tissues.
Saw tooth-shaped Waves: These electro-magnetic waves reach the body in saw tooth-shaped waves that are ideal for affecting the level of ion transport.
This is the saw tooth wave-shape in its schematic portrayal, in which it was presented for the patent registration. Only in this way of signaling, with the corresponding amplitudes, the desired “transport of ions” will be achieved. The quintessence of the 20 years of magnetic field research is found in this shape, and intensity of the impulse.
A Saw tooth pulse is thus composed of various sine vibrations and has a BROAD FREQUENCY SPECTRUM. The fundamental vibration has the same frequency as the pulse train. The following harmonics are frequencies representing a multiple of the fundamental mode, but as a rule they also have a decreasing amplitude (height).
If a structure such as a cell membrane oscillating with a sine wave vibration ( = oscillating circuit) is stimulated with a saw tooth pulse, ie., many individual sine waves of different amplitudes, the cell membrane will respond preferentially to a harmonic close to its natural frequency.
The great advantage of the saw tooth pulse in comparison with the individual sine pulse for the resonant effect lies precisely in this increased supply of oscillations.
Also, because the saw tooth pattern is very spiked, it has been found to produce strong electro-motive forces in the cells and tissues.
Saw tooth-shaped Waves: These electro-magnetic waves reach the body in saw tooth-shaped waves that are ideal for affecting the level of ion transport.
This is the saw tooth wave-shape in its schematic portrayal, in which it was presented for the patent registration. Only in this way of signaling, with the corresponding amplitudes, the desired “transport of ions” will be achieved. The quintessence of the 20 years of magnetic field research is found in this shape, and intensity of the impulse.
Why a Sawtooth Pulse (Part 2)
Your body has approximately 70 trillion cells (that’s more cells than there are stars in our Milky Way Galaxy - 100-300 billion). Not only is each person individual and unique but also your cells are individual and unique having their own resonant frequencies.
A saw tooth waveform, which is composed of various sine wave vibrations, has the broadest frequency and amplitude (see next section)spectrum of ANY of the waveforms available. Here when talking about resonance we are referring to the fact that a saw tooth signal is composed of many sine wave pulses with a broad spectrum of frequencies which allow for greater cellular energization and stimulation through electromagnetic resonance.
The cell membrane can be thought of like an antenna (Actually this is not just an analogy as the cell membrane has electrical properties like an oscillating circuit). And each cell has a different resonant frequency, just like there are different radio stations on your radio.
If you "tune in" to the station, say 101.5 FM you will receive the signal and hear great music. If you dial 101.3, you will not hear anything or if you do it will be static.
A saw tooth is like a radio that will dial to the exact frequency needed. When you stimulate the cell membrane with its resonant frequency, the cell membrane will vibrate, increase its permeability (allowing for greater oxygenation and nutrient absorption) and further produce micro currents and increase the overall cell voltage (remember that PEMF is like a whole body battery recharger BUT you must have the proper resonant frequencies in order to charge the cellular potentials).
Other waveforms, like the simple sine wave are like having a radio tuner that only dials to whole numbers like 88, 89, ...103, 104, 105.
If you want 101.5 and only have 101 and 102 on your tuner, you will not hear the music... Understand?
And without resonance, the cells cannot be energized.
BUYER BEWARE: Some units on the market use simple sine waves and high intensities... THIS WILL NOT WORK AS WELL... Its not about intensity, its about resonance (ie... you could be right next to a radio station antenna -high intensity- but if your radio is not "tuned" to the station, you won't hear anything...)
Conclusion: In the battle of resonance versus intensity, resonance always wins...
A saw tooth waveform, which is composed of various sine wave vibrations, has the broadest frequency and amplitude (see next section)spectrum of ANY of the waveforms available. Here when talking about resonance we are referring to the fact that a saw tooth signal is composed of many sine wave pulses with a broad spectrum of frequencies which allow for greater cellular energization and stimulation through electromagnetic resonance.
The cell membrane can be thought of like an antenna (Actually this is not just an analogy as the cell membrane has electrical properties like an oscillating circuit). And each cell has a different resonant frequency, just like there are different radio stations on your radio.
If you "tune in" to the station, say 101.5 FM you will receive the signal and hear great music. If you dial 101.3, you will not hear anything or if you do it will be static.
A saw tooth is like a radio that will dial to the exact frequency needed. When you stimulate the cell membrane with its resonant frequency, the cell membrane will vibrate, increase its permeability (allowing for greater oxygenation and nutrient absorption) and further produce micro currents and increase the overall cell voltage (remember that PEMF is like a whole body battery recharger BUT you must have the proper resonant frequencies in order to charge the cellular potentials).
Other waveforms, like the simple sine wave are like having a radio tuner that only dials to whole numbers like 88, 89, ...103, 104, 105.
If you want 101.5 and only have 101 and 102 on your tuner, you will not hear the music... Understand?
And without resonance, the cells cannot be energized.
BUYER BEWARE: Some units on the market use simple sine waves and high intensities... THIS WILL NOT WORK AS WELL... Its not about intensity, its about resonance (ie... you could be right next to a radio station antenna -high intensity- but if your radio is not "tuned" to the station, you won't hear anything...)
Conclusion: In the battle of resonance versus intensity, resonance always wins...
When a Squarewave is Needed - The Evidence of the Nasa Study
CHIEF INVESTIGATOR:Thomas J. Goodwin, Ph.D. Lynden B Johnson Space Center
PURPOSE:This four year study used human donors "to define the most effective electromagnetic fields for enhancing growth and repair in mammalian tissues."
To utilize "nerve tissue which has been refractory to efforts to stimulate growth or enhance its repair regardless of the energy used." (all other tissues have demonstrated growth and repair stimulation with appropriate PEMF)
To define a PEMF technology that would "duplicate mature, three dimensional morphology between neuronal cells and feeder (glial) cells, which has not been previously accomplished."
RESULTS:The PEMF used in the study "caused accelerated growth rate and better organized morphology over controls", and resulted in "greater cell viability" (85% vs. 65%).
In the gene discovery array (chip technology that surveyed 10,000 human genes), the investigators found up-regulation of 150 genes associated with growth and cell restoration.
T. Goodwin (personal communication) " PEMF shut down each dysregulatory gene we studied".NASAs CONCLUSION:
"The up-regulation of these genes is in no manner marginal (1.7-8.4 logs) with gene sites for collagen production and growth the most actively stimulated."
"We have clearly demonstrated the bioelectric/biochemical potentiation of nerve stimulation and restoration in humans as a documented reality".
"The most effective electromagnetic field for repair of trauma was square wave with a rapid rate of change (dB/dt) which saw cell growth increased up to 4.0 times."
They further noted that "slowly varying (millisecond pulse, sine wave) or non varying DC (CW lasers, magnets) had little to no effect."
Final Recommendation: "One may use square wave EM fields with rapid rate of change for":
> repairing traumatized tissues
> moderating some neurodegenerative diseases
> developing tissues for transplantation
*the first study to clarify technologies and efficacy parameters for tissue growth and restoration
NASA’S CONCLUSIONS
PEMF PROVIDES:
•GREATER CELL VIABILITY
•ACCELERATED CELL GROWTH•BETTER ORGANIZED CELL MORPHOLOGY•UPREGULATION OF GENES RELATED TO COLLAGEN PRODUCTION
•UPREGULATION OF GENES RELATED TO CELL RESTORATION AND GROWTH•BIOELECTRIC POTENTIATION OF NERVE STIMULATION AND RESTORATION•HIGH-SPEED SQUARE WAVE INCREASED CELL GROWTH FOUR-TIMES FASTER
PURPOSE:This four year study used human donors "to define the most effective electromagnetic fields for enhancing growth and repair in mammalian tissues."
To utilize "nerve tissue which has been refractory to efforts to stimulate growth or enhance its repair regardless of the energy used." (all other tissues have demonstrated growth and repair stimulation with appropriate PEMF)
To define a PEMF technology that would "duplicate mature, three dimensional morphology between neuronal cells and feeder (glial) cells, which has not been previously accomplished."
RESULTS:The PEMF used in the study "caused accelerated growth rate and better organized morphology over controls", and resulted in "greater cell viability" (85% vs. 65%).
In the gene discovery array (chip technology that surveyed 10,000 human genes), the investigators found up-regulation of 150 genes associated with growth and cell restoration.
T. Goodwin (personal communication) " PEMF shut down each dysregulatory gene we studied".NASAs CONCLUSION:
"The up-regulation of these genes is in no manner marginal (1.7-8.4 logs) with gene sites for collagen production and growth the most actively stimulated."
"We have clearly demonstrated the bioelectric/biochemical potentiation of nerve stimulation and restoration in humans as a documented reality".
"The most effective electromagnetic field for repair of trauma was square wave with a rapid rate of change (dB/dt) which saw cell growth increased up to 4.0 times."
They further noted that "slowly varying (millisecond pulse, sine wave) or non varying DC (CW lasers, magnets) had little to no effect."
Final Recommendation: "One may use square wave EM fields with rapid rate of change for":
> repairing traumatized tissues
> moderating some neurodegenerative diseases
> developing tissues for transplantation
*the first study to clarify technologies and efficacy parameters for tissue growth and restoration
NASA’S CONCLUSIONS
PEMF PROVIDES:
•GREATER CELL VIABILITY
•ACCELERATED CELL GROWTH•BETTER ORGANIZED CELL MORPHOLOGY•UPREGULATION OF GENES RELATED TO COLLAGEN PRODUCTION
•UPREGULATION OF GENES RELATED TO CELL RESTORATION AND GROWTH•BIOELECTRIC POTENTIATION OF NERVE STIMULATION AND RESTORATION•HIGH-SPEED SQUARE WAVE INCREASED CELL GROWTH FOUR-TIMES FASTER
Conclusion: The Best of Both Worlds
The sawtooth signal is the best for full body recharging and energization.
With the sawtooth, you can deliver bunches of frequencies simultaneously so that all the cells will receive the proper resonate frequency.
Ideally the frequency range should be roughly 0 -30 Hz as we have showed and the predominate frequency should be in alignment with the time of day.
The Square wave is ideal for local application to break up cycles of pain and promote healing and regeneration. This was proven by NASA to be the most effective waveform for this purpose.
There is one device on the market that offers both signals which is the best of both worlds for energizing the cells and helping to heal and regenerate any injured or damaged tissues.
With the sawtooth, you can deliver bunches of frequencies simultaneously so that all the cells will receive the proper resonate frequency.
Ideally the frequency range should be roughly 0 -30 Hz as we have showed and the predominate frequency should be in alignment with the time of day.
The Square wave is ideal for local application to break up cycles of pain and promote healing and regeneration. This was proven by NASA to be the most effective waveform for this purpose.
There is one device on the market that offers both signals which is the best of both worlds for energizing the cells and helping to heal and regenerate any injured or damaged tissues.
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